spruce fir

The results showed that the specimen of green yezo spruce sapwood, heartwood and fir heartwood after air drying had a low permeability of 0.114, 0 045 and 0 111 darcy, respectively.

研究结果表明，长白鱼鳞云杉边材、心材和臭冷杉心材的生材经普通气干处理后，其气体渗透性较低，分别约为0114、0045和0111darcy；

Meanwhile, all the optimum and potential distributing regions of Larix gmelinii, Spruce fir forest and Pinus koraiensis have the tendency of moving northwards.

同时，分布于大兴安岭的兴安落叶松、小兴安岭及东部山地的云冷杉和红松等树种的可能分布范围和最适分布范围均发生了北移。

Nutrient input of throughfall in a pine-spruce-fir forest of Changbai Mountain

长白山红松云冷杉林林内降水的养分输入

The main species are pine, spruce, fir, Cheng Chi, Euptelea , Cercidiphyllum, and so on.

主要品种有红松 、 云杉 、 冷杉 、 赤桦 、 领春木、连香树等.

The thickness of the litter layer under spruce fir was greater, the decomposition intensity was bigger, and the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus were higher, comparing with that under the pure Larix forest.

云冷杉林的枯枝落叶层的厚度和分解状况优于落叶松纯林，且有机质、全氮、速效磷含量高；

The growth of spruce and fir needles is determinate.

云杉和冷杉的针叶生长是有限的.